New Surya temples virtually ceased to be built, and some were later converted to a different dedication. Having survived as a primary deity in Hinduism arguably better and longer than any other of the original Vedic deities, the worship of Surya declined greatly around the 13th century, perhaps as a result of the Muslim conquest of north India. Major festivals and pilgrimages in reverence for Surya include Makar Sankranti, Pongal, Samba Dashami, Ratha Sapthami, Chath puja and Kumbh Mela. Surya or Ravi is the basis of Ravivara, or Sunday, in the Hindu calendar. Surya is the lord of Simha (Leo), one of the twelve constellations in the zodiac system of Hindu astrology. ![]() Surya is depicted with a Chakra, also interpreted as Dharmachakra. : 5, 39, 247, 343, 399–400 Surya as a deity is also found in the arts and literature of Buddhism and Jainism. : 343 In some ancient texts and arts, Surya is presented syncretically with Indra, Ganesha or others. ![]() : 399–401 In medieval Hinduism, Surya was considered to be a manifestation of the Hindu Major Gods Shiva, Brahma and Vishnu. The iconography of Surya is often depicted riding a chariot harnessed by horses, often seven in number which represent the seven colours of visible light, and seven days in a week. ![]() Synonyms of Surya in ancient Indian literature include Aditya, Arka, Bhanu, Savitr, Pushan, Ravi, Martanda, Mitra, Bhaskara, Prabhakara, Kathiravan, and Vivasvan.
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